什么叫大自然规律？英文双语对照

自然规律是物质运动固有的、本质的、稳定的联系，表现为只要对应客观条件具备这一规律即其作用具有不变性，反之这一规律即会失效，各类规律互不干扰，其不以人的意志为转移，社会规律亦如此。基本概念

自然规律是指不经人为干预，客观事物自身运动、变化和发展的内在必然联系，也叫做：自然法则

依《现代汉语词典》的解释，自然规律乃是指“存在于自然界的客观事物内部的规律”，即物质运动固有的、本质的、稳定的联系。其具有不以人的意志为转移的客观性，不能被人改变、创造或消灭，可能利用。它可离开人的实践活动而发生作用，不直接涉及阶级的利益。现代自然科学揭示的规律大体有两类，即机械决定论规律和统计学规律。在四年级下册第三单元第一课〈自然之道〉里就充分说明的自然规律。

规律分类

人类对于自然规律的认识是随着自然科学的发展而发展的，在古代对这种认识带有直观性，在近代具有机械论的特征。在现代，人类对自然规律的认识不仅克服了古代和近代的片面性，孤立性，而且得到了扩展和深化。

现代自然科学所揭示的规律大体上可以分为两类：

①机械决定论规律

按照这种规律，物质系统在每一时刻的状态都是由系统的初始状态和边界条件单值地决定的。由可积的微分方程式表达的动力学规律是这种规律的典型表现，它的解单值地决定于系统的初始条件和边界条件。

②统计学规律

这种规律是由大量要素组成的系统的整体性特征，而系统中的任一单个要素仍然服从机械决定论的规律。统计物理学方程是这种规律性的典型表现，它的解取决于初始时刻系统各要素的相应动力学量的统计平均值。

对量子力学的统计特征有两种不同的理解。一种认为量子力学的统计性是量子系统的行为，单个微观粒子并不具有随机行为。大多数物理学家却持另一种理解，认为尽管量子力学微观系统的量子态提供了客观上可观测量的总和，原则上还不可能对每一个微观客体的行为作出单值的预言，只能说出每一种可能行为出现的概率。量子力学的统计性是单个粒子在同仪器的相互作用中表现出来的。如今发现，复杂的力学体系的微分方程大部分是不可积的，这些方程本身就具有“内在随机性”，即它所描述的系统的行为不能由初始条件单值地加以决定。于是，有人认为这是一种不同于机械决定论规律和统计学规律的内在随机性规律。

经济规律从属于自然规律

马克思说：“自然规律是根本不能取消的。在不同的历史条件下能够发生变化的，只是这些规律借以实现的形式。”从本原上说，人是自然界的一部分，社会经济规律是广义的自然规律在人类社会的一种表现形式。人类生活在自然界，经济规律固然有其相对独立性，但从根本上看是受自然规律统摄和制约的，人类的经济活动只有符合自然规律才能持续进行[1] 。

现阶段，人类社会已进入知识经济、生态文明时代。传统工业化道路下工业生产对大自然的掠夺性索取，已经使地球千疮百孔，导致生态环境问题频频发生。大自然的倒逼促使人类觉醒：必须调整人与自然的关系，发展以综合效益为目标的生态生产力，探索人与自然和谐相处的可持续发展路径。严峻的客观形势也促使经济学研究不仅要认识和掌握经济规律，而且要深刻认识经济社会与自然的关系，更加重视和遵循自然规律，探索可持续发展的规律、方式与制度建设。这就要求经济学者必须突破思维定势、开拓新的理论境界。这可谓经济学研究的一次思想解放[1] 。

与事物的联系

本质的联系

任何规律都是事物的内在根据和本质联系。例如：万有引力定律揭示了事物之间的本质联系，元素周期律揭示了元素的化学性质与原子序数之间的本质联系，生产关系与生产力状况相适应的规律揭示了物质生产方式的内容及其本质联系。

必然联系

任何规律都是事物必定如此、确定不移的趋势。例如：人类社会必然由低级社会形态向高级社会形态发展，暂时的曲折倒退，不能改变历史前进的总趋势。

稳定联系

任何规律都是同类现象背后的共性，是丰富多彩的现象背后的稳定性联系。规律的稳定性也就是它的相对重复性。只要条件具备，某种规律就会重复起作用。[2]

属性规律

自然规律本身具有不以人的意志为转移的客观性，人不能任意改变、创造或消灭自然规律。人可以使用自己的躯体和物质工具作用于客观世界，引起自然界的某些变化，并能有目的地引发、调节和控制自然界中的实物、能量和信息过程，使各种客观规律共同作用的结果发生有利于人的变化或保持有利于人的稳定性。这就是以客观规律为基础的主观能动性。

人类运用自然规律改造客观世界的过程还要受人的社会实践状况与水平的制约，并同社会规律（见社会发展规律）发生一定的联系。因此，在解决实际问题时，往往要求运用自然科学、技术科学和社会科学的知识，进行系统的、综合的研究。自然规律和社会规律之间有一定联系，也有区别。

主要表现

①自然规律可以离开人的实践活动而发生作用，如日蚀、地震、风雨雷电等；社会规律的作用则是通过人的有目的、有意识的活动表现出来的。

②自然规律起作用的有效时间比较长，社会规律起作用的有效时间一般要短得多。

③自然规律不直接涉及阶级的利益，不同的阶级、集团都可以利用自然规律为自己服务，只是在利用的目的和方向上才具有一定的阶级性；社会规律则不同，因为在阶级社会中，社会规律大多直接涉及不同阶级的利益，而且对它们的发现和利用也往往是在阶级斗争中实现的。由于自然规律不具有阶级性，不直接涉及人们的阶级利益，故反映这种规律的自然科学知识不具有阶级性，也不具有民族性、政治性。

The order of nature is some of corporeal sports firm, essence, stable connection, expression has this one law to want corresponding external condition only namely its action has fixity, conversely this one rule is met namely invalidation, noninterference of each other of of all kinds rule, its are not move with the person's volition, social rule also is like this. Basic idea

The order of nature is to point to do not be interpose via the person, the immanent and inevitable connection of motion of external object oneself, change and development, also be called: Natural rule

According to " dictionary of contemporary Chinese language " explanation, the order of nature is point to " the rule of the external object interior of consist in nature " , namely some of corporeal sports firm, substaintial, stable connection. Its have the objectivity that is not move with the person's volition, cannot be changed, create or eliminate, the likelihood is used. It can leave a person carry out an activity and produce effect, do not involve the increase of the class directly. The regular cardinal principle that modern science announces has two kinds, namely mechanical deterministic rule and statistical rule. The 3rd unit leaves in 4 grade the first class < natural way > in the order of nature that shows adequately.

Regular classification

The human understanding to the order of nature is as the development of science development, to this kind in ancient time understanding contains intuitionistic sex, in latter-day have mechanistic feature. Be in contemporary, the mankind overcame ancient time and latter-day one-sided sex not only to the understanding of the order of nature, isolated sex, and got expand and be deepeninged.

The regular substantially that modern science place announces can divide it is two kinds:

① machinery is deterministic the rule

According to this kind of rule, the position that corporeal system cuts temporarily in every is worth ground decision by initiative condition of the system and sheet of attrib border condition. The kinetic rule that conveys by the differential equation that can accumulate is the typical display of this kind of rule, ground of its the value that solve sheet decides the initiative condition at the system and attrib border condition.

② statistical rule

This kind of rule is the integral sex feature of the system that forms by a large number of element, and the either in the system is individual element is obedient still and mechanical deterministic rule. Statistical physics equation is the typical display of this kind of regularity, its solution depends on initiative hour system of each element corresponding the statistical average of kinetic quantity.

Mechanical to quanta statistic feature has two kinds of different understanding. A kind of statistic sex that thinks quanta is mechanical is the behavior of quanta system, individual and microcosmic particle does not have random action. Most physicist holds another kind of understanding however, although the quanta condition of mechanical and microcosmic system offerred quanta to go up objectively,think considerable measured summation, in principle is impossible still that the behavior of microcosmic to each object makes the prophecy of only cost, can speak avery kind of only likelihood the probability that behavior appears. The statistical sex with mechanical quanta is individual particle come out in the expression in the interaction that is the same as an instrument. Discover nowadays, the differential equation of complex mechanical system cannot be accumulated for the most part, these equation itself are had " immanent and random sex " , namely the behavior of the system that it describes cannot be worth the ground to try to decide by initiative condition sheet. Then, somebody thinks this is rule of a kind of immanent and random sex that is different from mechanical deterministic rule and statistical rule.

Economic rule is subject to the order of nature

Marx says: "The order of nature can cancel far from. Change can produce below different historical condition, it is the form that these regular so as to implement only. " from go up formerly originally say, the person is the one part of nature, the order of nature that socioeconomy rule is broad sense is in the form of a kind of expression of human society. The mankind lives in nature, economic rule has his admittedly opposite independent character, dan Conggen this getting on looking is to suffer the order of nature to all is photographed and be restricted, economic activity of the mankind accords with ability of the order of nature to undertake continuously only [1] .

Show level, human society already entered period of civilization of intellectual economy, zoology. Course of study of come off work of traditional industrialized way produces the plunder sex to nature to ask for, had made the earth 1000 sore 100 aperture, bring about zoology environment problem to happen again and again. Of nature force make human arousal: Must adjust person and natural concern, development is the zoology productivity of the target with integrated benefit, explore what person and natural harmony get along to be able to develop way continuously. Grim objective situation also makes economics research should be known not only and grasp economic pattern, and the concern that should meet economic society and nature deeply, take seriously more and abide by the order of nature, explore the rule that can develop continuously, means and system construction. This must break through thinking with respect to requirement economist calm situation, develop new academic state. Ideological emancipation that economics of this it may be said studies [1] .

With the connection of the thing

Substaintial connection

Any rules are the underlying basis of the thing and substaintial connection. For example: The the law of gravity announced the substaintial connection between the thing, elemental cycle law announced the substaintial connection between elemental chemistry and atomic number, relations of production and the rule that productivity state gets used to announced the content of corporeal production means reachs his to be contacted constitutionally.

Inevitable connection

Any rules are a thing the sure and such, trend that does not move certainly. For example: Human society develops to advanced society configuration by elementary society configuration necessarily, temporary labyrinthian retrogression, the general trend with unalterable ongoing history.

Stabilize connection

Any rules are the general character of congener phenomenon backside, it is the stability connection of the phenomenal backside of rich and colorful. Regular stability namely its opposite repeatability. Want a condition to have only, some kind of rule can repeat effective. [2]

Property law

Itself of the order of nature has the objectivity that is not move with the person's volition, the person cannot be changed arbitrarily, create or eliminate the order of nature. The body that the person can use him and corporeal tool action at objective world, cause the certain change of nature, cause can purposefully, the objective in adjust and controlling nature, energy and information process, make the result of joint action produces all sorts of objective law to be helpful for the person's change or maintain the stability that is helpful for a person. This is fundamental subjective activity with objective law namely.

The process that the mankind uses the order of nature to transform objective world suffers what the person's society carries out state and level to restrict even, be the same as social rule (see the society develops the rule) produce certain connection. Accordingly, when solving real problem, often ask to use science of science, technology and the knowledge with scientific society, have a system, integrated research. There is certain connection between the order of nature and social rule, also have distinction.

Main show

The order of nature can leave ① of the person carry out an activity and produce effect, wait like thunder of eclipse, earthquake, harships; The action of social rule is the purposeful, conscious activity that carries a person expression comes out.

The significant time with effective the order of nature grows ② quite, the significant time with social effective rule wants commonly short much.

The order of nature does not involve ③ directly the interest of the class, different class, group can use the order of nature to serve for oneself, the ability on the end that just using and direction has certain class sex; Social pattern is different, because be in class society, social rule involves the increase of different class directly mostly, and discover to theirs and be being used also often come true in class struggle. Because the order of nature does not have class sex, do not involve the class increase of people directly, reason mirrors the science knowledge of this kind of rule not to have class sex, also do not have sex of nationality, politics.