中国古代文化遗产的资料？英文双语对照

我国古代四大文化遗产是指《明清档案》、《殷墟甲骨》、《居延汉简》、《敦煌经卷》。文化遗产，中文在概念上分为"有形文化遗产"和"无形文化遗产"。"有形文化遗产"即传统意义上的"文化遗产"。

1、明清档案

明清档案分为内阁大库档案、军机处档案、内务府档案、宗人府档案、国史馆档案、清宫中各处档案和清各部院衙门档案等。其中，除大部分为汉文外，还有满文老档以及英、法、德等文字的外交档案。

民国年间，这批有着重大历史价值的档案，历尽了各种磨难。解放前夕，国民党政府将部分明清档案约40万 件运到了台湾。在那儿，档案受到了良好保护，并有专人整理研究。解放后，新中国政府将故宫博物院文献馆改为档案馆，直接归属档案局管理。五十年代，档案馆将遗存各地的明清档案全部接收回北京。

目前，我国现存明清各种档案约计1000万件。

2、殷墟甲骨

中国殷商王朝后期 (公元前14世纪晚期至前11世纪中期)都城遗址──河南安阳小屯殷墟出土的王室占卜记事用的龟甲兽骨﹐包括经过整治﹑钻凿﹑烧灼﹑刻辞的龟腹甲﹑背甲和肩胛骨等。因文字契刻於甲骨之上﹐故称甲骨文。

殷墟甲骨文是现今所见中国最早的具有完备体系的文字﹐殷墟甲骨刻辞是现今所见中国最早的时王记实文辞﹐因而成为语言文字学﹑历史学﹑民族学﹑天文学﹑气象学﹑农学﹑医学﹑历史地理学﹑考古学等多种学科的重要原始资料。殷墟甲骨的发现是近代学术史上最重要的发现之一。

3、居延汉简

20世纪，中外学者在我国西北居延等地区发现大量汉代简牍，即"居延汉简"。对研究汉朝的文书档案制度、政治制度具有极高的史料价值，史誉其为20世纪中国档案界的"四大发现"之一。"居延汉简"乃因这批汉简在我国内蒙古自治区额济纳旗的居延地区和甘肃省嘉峪关以东的金塔县破城子被发现而得名。

若了解居延汉简的各方面状况，必须首先了解汉代长城居延要塞的情况。"居延"古称"流沙泽"，《尚书·禹贡》"西"、"余波入于流沙"之句，说明曾有河流名"弱水"，王国维、罗振玉合著研究居延汉简的名著《流沙坠简》，即由此得名。

4、敦煌经卷

敦煌经卷亦称敦煌文书、敦煌遗书、敦煌卷子，是指在中国甘肃省敦煌县莫高窟(俗称千佛洞)出土的4-11世纪多种文字的古写本。自从前秦建元二年(366年)僧人乐僔开凿第一窟以后，写经造像活动代代相沿。

北宋仁宗时，西夏进攻敦煌，僧众为避兵火，将大批文书藏于洞窟之复室中，然后砌一泥墙于外，并于其上绘画，以此作为伪装。此后，这些文书便被封存于该私室中达900多年，成为名闻中外的敦煌遗书。

Our country ancient time bequest of 4 old culture is to point to " archives of bright Qing Dynasty " , " bone of armour of Yin Dynasty ruins " , " reside Yan Hanjian " , " Dunhuang classics coils " . Culture bequest, chinese is " of bequest of aeriform culture of " of bequest of " corporeal culture and " in the cent on the concept. " of bequest of " corporeal culture namely the " of " culture bequest on traditional sense.

1, archives of bright Qing Dynasty

Cent of archives of bright Qing Dynasty is cabinet archives of files of old warehouse archives, military plan office, internal affairs government office, ancestor in archives of archives of person seat of government, national history house, clear palace everywhere archives and archives of goverment office in feudal China of clear departmental courtyard. Among them, outside be Han Wen except much, still have full article old files and flower, the diplomatic archives of the character such as law, heart.

The Republic of China year, this approves the record that having great history value, had gone through all sorts of cross. Emancipatory eve, kuomintang government divides the department archives of bright Qing Dynasty to restrict 400 thousand use to Taiwan. Over, archives got good protection, person specially assigned for a task arranges research. After liberating, new China government archives of instead of library of museum of the Imperial Palace, bureau of direct and attributive archives manages. The fifties, archives puts involuntary discharge of urine the archives of bright Qing Dynasty of each district to receive a Beijing entirely.

Current, our country is existent bright Qing Dynasty all sorts of archives count roughly 10 million.

2, bone of armour of Yin Dynasty ruins

Later period of dynasty of Chinese abundant business (BC 14 centuries are terminal metaphase of before coming 11 centuries) the turtleback animal character that the royal augur account that Henan of ─ of capital relics ─ brings Yang Xiaotun Yin Dynasty ruins to come up out of land uses, the chelonian breastplate ﹑ that include to get ﹑ of authentic ﹑ burn to cut take leave through punish ﹑ carries armour and bladebone on the back to wait. Because of the character the agree engraves Wu Jia over bone, friend says inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty.

Inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty of Yin Dynasty ruins is the has complete system character that nowadays place sees China is the earliest, demit of bone sculpture of armour of Yin Dynasty ruins is nowadays place see China is the earliest when Wang Ji solid diction, becomes language character to learn nation of ﹑ history ﹑ to learn history of ﹑ of medicine of ﹑ of agronomy of aerography ﹑ of ﹑ astronomical ﹑ consequently geographical ﹑ is archaeological the main source that waits for a variety of course. The discovery of bone of armour of Yin Dynasty ruins is latter-day one of the most important discovery on academic history.

3, reside Yan Hanjian

20 centuries, scholar of China and foreign countries delays area of and other places to discover a large number of Han Daijian wooden tablets or slips for writing in house of our country northwest, namely " resides Yan Hanjian " . Have extremely high historical data value to studying system of document filing system of Han Chao, politics, the " that Shi Yuji is bound of archives of 20 centuries China 4 big discovery one of " . " resides Yan Hanjian " to because this is approved,be Chinese brief fine valley closes the Ju Yan area in banner of offer of aid of forehead of our country Nei Monggol Autonomous Region and the Gansu Province the golden tower county to the south of breaks a wall child be discovered and get a name.

If know the each respect state that ranks Yan Hanjian, must understand Chinese generation Great Wall to reside the case that delays fastness above all. " of " Ju Yan is ancient weigh " quicksand lustre " , " tribute of the reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty of · of a high official in ancient China " aftereffect of " , " enters " on the west at quicksand of " sentence, explain Ceng Youhe sheds a " weak water " , the famous book that write in collaboration with of regnal dimension, Luo Zhenyu researchs to reside Yan Hanjian " drop quicksand brief " , get a name from this namely.

4, Dunhuang classics coils

Dunhuang also calls posthumous papers of Dunhuang writ, Dunhuang, Dunhuang examination paper via coiling, it is to point to in hole of Mo Gao of county of Dunhuang of Chinese the Gansu Province (common calls 1000 Buddha the hole) the 4-11 century that come up out of land of a variety of characters ancient write this. From once upon a time the Qin Dynasty is built yuan 2 years (366 years) cut of monk happy after the first hole, keep classics statue activity edge of acting acting appearance.

Ren Zongshi of Northen Song Dynasty, the Western Xia regime attacks Dunhuang, the monk is numerous to avoid arms ammunition, in the answer room that stores large quantities of document at cavern, next build by laying bricks or stones one mud wall at outside, draw on its, serve as camouflage with this. After this, these writ are sealed up for keeping to be amounted to in this sanctum 900 old, become well-known both at home and abroad Dunhuang posthumous papers.