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在英语语法中,情态动词"must"的使用是表达义务、必要性或推测的重要工具。掌握"must"的不同用法对于提高语言表达的准确性和丰富性至关重要。在直接引语转换为间接引语时,"must"的时态变化、否定形式以及与"have to"的区分都是需要特别注意的点。通过例句和语法分析,我们可以更深入地理解"must"在不同语境下的应用,并通过触类旁通的例句和巩固练习,进一步巩固和应用这些知识。
<例句>
She said that she must speak with her master.
<语法分析>
在这个句子中,"must"用于间接引语中,表示她认为有必要和她的主人讲话。在间接引语中,"must"的过去时态形式可以用来表示推测或义务。在将来时态中,"must"可以被"shall (will) have to"替代。通常情况下,"had to"可以用来代替过去时态中的"must"。"must"的否定形式"must not"表示禁止,而其推测的否定形式是"cannot"。"must"和"have to"在大多数情况下可以互换使用,但"have to"更多地用于表达客观条件,而"must"则用于表达主观认为的责任或义务。
<触类旁通>
(1) You mustn't smoke in class.
语法分析:"mustn't"表示绝对禁止,而"have to"的否定形式则表示不必。
(2) You must answer my questions in English.
语法分析:"must"用于表达命令,表示必须执行的动作。
(3) You must try your best to do it.
语法分析:"must"用于表达主观上的责任或义务,表示必须尽最大努力。
(4) You must pay the money, but you needn't do so at once.
语法分析:"must"表示必须,而"needn't"表示不必立即执行。
(5) His father must have left for Shanghai yesterday.
语法分析:"must"用于过去时态,表示对过去情况的推测。
<巩固练习>
(1) You _____ see what the authorities have to say.
(2) She decided that she ______ try to be on the side of the winner's.
(3) You ______ smoke, must you?
(4) I _____ take care of my father every day.
(5) I must save money, _____ I?
(6) They _____ be twins.
<参考答案>
(1) must
(2) must
(3) mustn't
(4) have to
(5) mustn't
(6) must