读句子学语法：关于主谓一致的注意点

在学习英语语法的过程中，理解主谓一致的原则是至关重要的。主谓一致指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。这一原则不仅适用于简单句，也适用于复合句和复杂句型。掌握主谓一致的规则，可以帮助我们写出语法正确、表达清晰的句子。

<一> 例句

The professor with a number of students was doing experiments in chemistry lab at that time.

那时教授带了很多学生正在实验室做化学实验。

<二> 语法分析

句子的主语是单数，尽管后面带有with, as well as, rather than, like, but, except, besides和along等连接的名词，谓语仍用单数形式。但在口语中，有时根据观念一致的原则，谓语可以用复数形式。连词or, either...or, neither...nor, whether..or, not only...but also和not...but等连接并列主语，谓语的单复数依从临近原则来决定。关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中做主语，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

<三> 触类旁通

(1)A cart and horse was seen in the sistance.

远处可见一辆马拉车。

语法分析：如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则句子谓语用单数形式。

(2)Nobody except Miss Mary is to join us.

除了玛丽小姐没有人要参加到我们中间来。

语法分析：主语是单数，谓语仍用单数形式。

(3)Not one but all of us are hoping to be there.

不是一个人而是我们大家都希望去那里。

语法分析：由连接词的并列主语，谓语的数依据临近原则来确定。

(4)None of our parents is a driver.

我们的父母没有一个是司机。

语法分析：在由noen, either, no和one等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

(5)Lots of damage was caused by the flood.

洪水带来很大的破坏。

语法分析：a lot of, lots of等+名词构成的主语，谓语动词的数依据主语部分中后面的名词数而定。

(6)Where is your teacher and classmates?

你的老师和同学在哪里?

语法分析：在倒装句中，谓语动词往往和其后的第一个主语保持一致。

<四>巩固练习

1. Where [be] the watch and chain?

2. Smoke and fod [be] often called clever.

3. She, like you and Tom, [be] very clever.

4. The teacher with some of her pupils [be] cleaning the classroom.

5. You or I [be] going to receive them this afternoon.

6. Many a desk and many a bench [be] to be taken out of the room.

7. More than one [be] killed in the battle.

8. Part of the students here very clever.

9. A number os pages in the book [be] broken.

10. The number of students [be] boys in our classroom.

11. One-third of the students [be] boys in our classroom.

12. Four million frances [be] very hones and hard-working.

13. The goverment [be] very honest and hard working.

14. Mankind [make] progress.

答案：

1. is 2. is 3. is 4. was. 5. am 6. is 7. was 8. are 9. are 10. is 11. are 12. is 13. are 14 has been making.