烫伤怎样处理？英文双语对照

别用冰块敷！烫伤后错误的处理方法

烫伤后，有些人会使用冰块冰敷，这是错误的急救方法。马偕医院外科部主任董光义指出，冰块会让血管收缩，使伤口加深，尤其是大面积的伤口更不宜使用。也不要用酒精、牙膏等“凉凉的”东西擦在伤口，这些物品仅会刺激患部，对降温没帮助，甚至可能让后续治疗更复杂。

另外，民众也不要任意在伤口涂外用药或民间偏方，例如酱油、沙拉油、面粉、消炎粉等等，这些东西不但无助于伤口复原，反而容易引起感染，及影响医护人员的判断和紧急处理。

烫伤发生时，要确实做好急救步骤：冲、脱、泡、盖、送，这是将伤害减到最低程度的关键。

1. 冲水，最重要的急救第一步

烫伤后，应立刻以大量流动的冷水冲洗约15到30分钟，或冲到不痛为止，以快速降低皮肤表面热度。流动的冷水可有效带走体表温度，是局部降温最安全又有效的方式之一。

如果皮肤出现水泡，冲水的水流不能太强，水泡若弄破，容易感染。如果伤口已经脱皮，仍需用水为烫伤部位降温，但也要注意水流的强弱度，防止烫伤部位上的脱皮剥落。

除了热水，任何化学药品，如水溶性、非水溶性、强酸、强碱等溅落在皮肤上时，都应即刻用大量清水冲洗。愈早冲洗伤口，皮肤烧灼伤的程度与深度会降低，对复原也较有帮助。

若烫伤面积大、需立即救治，可改将伤口泡在冷水当中帮助降温，并赶紧送医。

2. 脱去衣物、泡水降温减疼

充分冲水并浸湿后，接下来要小心除去衣物，必要时可用剪刀剪开衣服，避免将伤口的水泡弄破，并暂时保留黏住皮肤的衣物。接下来，再将伤口浸泡到冷水里。

可在泡冷水时除去衣物，因为在水的浮力下，衣服不会紧贴在烫伤的皮肤上。

另外，烫伤处泡冷水时，会使水温缓慢上升，因此也要勤于更换冷水。浸泡时间同样要持续15到30分钟，以减轻疼痛及稳定情绪。但若是孩童或年长者烫伤，或是烫伤面积太大，不必浸泡过久，以免体温下降过度，或延误治疗时机。

3. 盖上干净纱布、送医治疗

除极小的烫伤可以自理外，严重或面积太大的烫伤都要到医院进行后续治疗。送医前，用干净的纱布或床单覆盖患部，以免伤口在运送过程中感染。

可参考我的文章：《烫伤千万别用冰敷！关键3步正确急救》

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Do not use ice cube spread! The wrong processing technique after scald

After scald, some people can use ice cube to put apply on the ice, this is wrong emergency treatment method. Dong Guangyi of head of department of surgery of hospital of equestrian in the company of points out, ice cube can let vasomotor, make cut is deepened, especially the cut of large area is more unfavorable use. Also do not wait with alcohol, toothpaste " cool cool " the thing is brushed in cut, these article can be stimulated only have a department, do not have a help to dropping in temperature, make follow-up cure possibly even more complex.

Additional, the people also is not in arbitrarily medicine of cut besmear external use or civilian folk prescription, for example oil of soy, salad, flour, antiphlogistic pink is waited a moment, these things not only helpless recover from an illness at cut, cause infection easily instead, reach influence cure to protect the judgement of personnel and urgent processing.

When scald happening, want to make move of good emergency treatment really: Strong, take off, bubble, lid, send, this is the key that reduces harm lowermost rate.

1.Pour water, the most serious emergency treatment the first pace

After scald, should rinse with the cold water of a large number of flow immediately about 15 to 30 minutes, or develop indolence till, with reducing skin surface fever quickly. Going from place to place cold water can take away body effectively to express temperature, it is local drop in temperature the safest one of efficient way.

Like peel skin occurrence bleb, the current of strong water cannot too strong, bleb is like break, affect easily. If cut already desquamate, still need to be scald place to drop in temperature with water, but what also should note flow is strong spend infirmly, prevent the desquamate on scald place to flake.

Besides hot water, any chemical, when waiting for splash down to be on the skin like water-solubility, blame water-solubility, strong acid, alkali, answer to be rinsed with a large number of clear water instantly. More early irrigate, the skin burns burnable degree and deepness to be able to be reduced, more helpful also to recovering from an illness.

If scald area is large, need instantly cure, can change to help cut bubble between cold water drop in temperature, send medical service rapidly.

2.Shuck off water of clothings, bubble to drop in temperature decrease ache

After pour water adequately and be being soaked, want careful eliminate clothing and other articles of daily use next, can cut open the dress with scissors when necessary, avoid the bleb break cut, tentative reservation sticks cutaneous clothings. Next, immerse cut again in cold water.

Can be when bubble cold water eliminate clothings, because be below the flotage of water, the dress won't be clingy go up in the skin of scald.

Additional, when scald is in bubble cold water, can make water Wen Huan slow rise, because this also wants diligent at changing cold water. Immerse time should last likewise 15 to 30 minutes, in order to reduce ache and stable sentiment. But if child child or elder scald, or it is scald area too big, need not have immersed long, lest temperature drops excessive, or incur loss through delay treats an opportunity.

3.On the lid clean gauze, cure sending medical service

Outside dividing dinky scald to be able to provide for oneself, the scald with serious or too large area should undertake to the hospital sequel is treated. Before sending medical service, enclothe with clean gauze or sheet have a department, lest cut is affected in carrying a process.

Can consult my article: " scald must not use glacial spread! Crucial 3 conditions are true emergency treatment "

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