在学习英语语法时,冠词的使用是一个关键点。冠词的正确使用不仅有助于表达清晰的意思,还能使语言更符合标准的语法规则。冠词分为定冠词“the”和不定冠词“a/an”,它们在不同的语境中有着不同的用法。定冠词常用来指代特定的事物或概念,而不定冠词则用于提到不特定的事物。
<例句>
One of my friends is still in hospital.
我的一个朋友还住在医院里。
<语法分析>
个体名词如school, prison, market, hospital, bed, class和court等直接位于某些介词后,当表示该名词的深层意义时,不用冠词。当bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship和plane等词与by连用,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词,但是当这些名词特指某一种交通工具时,则要与冠词连用。在月份、星期、季节、三餐等的名词前,通常不加冠词,如有描绘性修饰语时,可加冠词。两个名词各指不同的人、事和概念时,要用冠词。两个名词如指同一个人、同一物时,后一个名词可不用冠词。
<触类旁通>
(1) She has gone to market.
她去市场了。
语法分析:个体名词前不用冠词。
(2) I go to work by bike.
我骑车去上班。
语法分析:当bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship和plane等词与by连用,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词。
(3) She went out on a bike.
她骑一辆车子出去了。
语法分析:当这些名词特指一种交通工具时,则要与冠词连用。
(4) Summer comes after spring.
春去夏来。
语法分析:季节名词前一般不用冠词。
(5) He came to that place in the auturn of 1990.
他1990年秋天去过那个地方。
语法分析:如果有限定词修饰或表示一般特定的时间,则需要用定冠词。
(6) This road winds its way from west to east.
这条路自西向东蜿蜒而行。
语法分析:在并列使用的两个名词前,常省掉冠词。
(7) They are the students of our school.
他们是我们学校的全体学生。
语法分析:在复数名词或数词前用the强调全体,不用则强调部分。
(8) She raises a black and a white dog.
她养了一只黑狗和一只白狗。
语法分析:两个形容词都有冠词,后面的名词为单数,表示两个不同的事物,如后一个形容词没有冠词,则指一物。
<巩固练习>
1. ______ water in th wet clothes is being burned into vapor.
2. She is in ______ first year class.
3. After the school I returned home on _____ 9:20 train.
4. Our school was completed in _____ October of 2000.
5. We had ______ terribly cold winter last year.
6. _____ breakfast I had last morning was very nice.
7. She came first in ______ race.
8. She sang and played _____ piano.
9. My brother went to see ______ film yesterday evening.
10. I listen to ______ radio every morning.
11. Turn on ______ TV please.
12. ______ square has four sides.
13. I cannot finish the task in so short _____ time.
14. Brave _____ man though he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes.
<参考答案>
1. The 2. the 3. the 4. the 5. a 6. The 7. the 8. the 9. a 10. the 11. the 12. A 13. a 14. a